Development and Validation of Service-Learning Management Scale in Pakistani Setting
Keywords:
Validation, exploratory factor analysis, vocational education, indigenous scaleAbstract
Service-learning is an emerging teaching and learning field. Many scales are available that
measure service-learning outcomes, effects and implications. There was a dearth of scale for
measuring service-learning management. In this study, we report the process of developing and
validating of service-learning management scale in Pakistani context in vocational education
field. The scale development and validation comprised of two phases. In the first phase, we
reviewed literature and generated a 62 item scale. For content validity, experts were consulted
from the relevant field. In the light of their feedback, the scale was refined. In the second phase,
we ensured reliability by piloting the scale as well as for item retention and reduction. The items
were reduced to 52 based on corrected item total correlation. Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA)was used to explore the factor structure. In this way, through application of EFA 10 factors
were identified. These factors were: need analysis, learning goals, planning, training,
implementation, evaluation, decision-making, coordination, relationship and responsibility which
accounted for 72 % of the variance in the scale. Varimox Rotation with Principal Component
Analysis was applied to evaluate the factor structure of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient
for factors ranged from .64 to .86. The results showed that the Service-Learning Management
Scale is a useful instrument for measuring management issues in the service-learning field. It is
recommended that the scale may be tested in other fields for getting more robust results.
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